Should you keep a friend's confidence if another person is affected?
For: a promise protects trust and gives a friend space to tell a difficult story without fearing an audience.
Against: privacy cannot automatically outrank the burden placed on someone who never agreed to carry the secret.
Switch test: is the information needed to prevent a concrete harm, or only to relieve your discomfort about knowing it?
Should you report a coworker's mistake or fix it privately?
For: transparent correction protects the team and prevents one quiet repair from hiding a pattern.
Against: a private conversation can solve the problem without turning a recoverable error into a public humiliation.
Switch test: does the mistake affect a shared outcome, or is the main issue that someone wants credit for the fix?
Should you return money that a cashier gave you by mistake?
For: keeping an obvious error transfers the loss to a person who may have no practical way to absorb it.
Against: a business sets the process and should not rely on customers to perform its reconciliation work.
Switch test: would you make the same choice if the error reduced your bill by one small amount rather than increasing it?
Is honesty kind when nobody asked for an opinion?
For: a timely truth can give someone information they need before a choice becomes harder to reverse.
Against: unsolicited criticism can make the speaker feel useful while leaving the other person with a burden they did not request.
Switch test: is the truth actionable, and have you earned a role in delivering it?
Should you break a promise to keep a newer commitment?
For: circumstances change, and honoring the present obligation can protect people who are now relying on you.
Against: promises become meaningless when convenience or a more exciting option can always outrank the original agreement.
Switch test: did the new commitment arise from necessity, or did you simply fail to protect the time you promised?
Does a good intention excuse a foreseeable inconvenience?
For: care should count when someone made a genuine effort to help and could not predict every preference.
Against: intention does not erase a cost that was obvious enough to ask about before acting.
Switch test: after the result is known, does the person repair the inconvenience or only explain why they meant well?